Much has been written, many photos taken, and many faces painted to resemble calaveras(skulls) all as part of the Mexican celebration of the Day of the Dead, Dia de Los Muertos. We first encountered the celebration in the Fruitvale district of Oakland, CA, a city we called home for 20 years. Fruitvale, like much of Oakland, has many cultures and nationalities, but on the weekend around Nov 1 it turns out in force to celebrate this very Mexican tradition. The most striking part of the observances for us were the altars, built by families or friends to remember a person, or persons, who had passed. Pictures, cut-out paper banners (papel picado), candles, food, drink, flowers, and the ubiquitous marigolds. We admired it for its powerful and elegant recognition of people gone – reflecting love and remembrance.
So, when we decided to move south to Mexico, we hoped to time things so that we could experience this Mexican tradition in person. We arrived in Ajijic, on the shore of Mexico’s largest freshwater lake, Lago de Chapala, in late October, a few days before the festivities began.
We took a class at the Lake Chapala Society to learn more about this celebration. It was titled "Laugh at Death, you say?"
We started with a short introduction to the traditions of the celebration, and got to participate in the creation of an altar. The marigolds are intended to guide the spirits to their altar with their vibrant color and strong fragrance. Without a lot of elaboration, each altar should incorporate the elements of earth, wind, fire, and water, along with pictures of those honored, and things they liked while among us. If ever we have an altar, don’t forget the rum!
We had always thought that Catrina was the name of the (now ubiquitous) skeleton lady, but in fact it refers to an elegant dandy (Catrino is the male version), and was intended as an object of ridicule when it first appeared around 1910 (Mexican Revolution), in an etching by artist Jose Guadalupe Posada. It was originally intended to poke fun at Mexicans ashamed of their heritage, who dressed in the European style, lightening their skin with makeup, trying to deny their cultural heritage. The first Catrina was only depicted from the waist up.
Betty and Jean were part of the altar too |
de Jose Guadalupe Posada (y Wikipedia) |
Catrina’s real popularity took off when Diego Rivera included her in a mural, about 1947, as a full-blown lady, standing next to Rivera and his wife, Frida Kahlo.
The intent, it is said, was to link Catrina with a long-standing Mexican willingness to laugh at death, even going back to the Aztecs. “Death is a neutralizing force, everyone is equal in the end." Beautiful.
The first real day of the holiday is for the children. Their graves are colorful, with toys, food, and flowers.
Child's grave, with pizza |
Love the dogs and soccer balls, permanent part of the grave! |
We were told, but can’t confirm, that the now-prevalent face painting is relatively new – like in the last 30 years or so. We tried it out on Nov 2, a little self-conscious as gringos trying on someone else’s tradition, but in general we got lots of smiles (which I guess could be taken in more than one way!). Linda got several “hermosa!” greetings, while my “Salvador Dali on acid” face paint job was less popular.
The square was also surrounded with sawdust “paintings” in the street – vibrantly colored sawdust, used to make many mosaic-like scenes.
The town is call "A-hee-HEEK" |
Sawdust paintings at the square |
The celebration continued from the cemetery with a candlelight parade to the zocalo, which was filled with people, more bands, more singing, many Catrina statues (basically rebar figures adorned with – you name it). Our favorite Catrina had an elegant white wedding dress made of plastic, Styrofoam, plastic forks and spoons – Catrina Basura?
A long wall across the street from the church was covered with hundreds of 7” x 10” terra cotta skull masks, each with someone’s name, and each with a small candle in front of it. It was stunning.
Words to live, and die by. Viva Dia de Los Muertos!